Jean Piaget And Marie Montessori - 1124 Words

This essay offers a biography of Jean Piaget and Marie Montessori. In addition to a biography it compares and contrast the two educators. One was more focused on the development of children, while the other specialized in the way children learn. They both were crucial components in the development of how teachers and professors educate their students regardless of their age. There are many people that have made a great impact on education throughout history. Two of the more prominent educators are Jean Piaget and Marie Montessori. Both Piaget and Montessori have made great leap in education whether it was creating different stages of development as a child or creating their own school. Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland in 1896. He received his Ph.D. in biology. Piaget became interested in the development of intellectual abilities in children while working at the Alfred Binet Testing Laboratory in Paris. In 1926, he began publishing work on childhood psychology. Piaget based his theory on James M. Baldwin, an associate of his in the Testing Laboratory in Paris. Piaget worried that the development of knowledge representation and manipulation is not genetically programmed into the brain. He perceived children as young scientists who are motivated to understand the world and realize the mistakes that others have made about the world. Piaget believes that â€Å"Changes in knowledge structures drive changes in fundamental cognitive capabilities. The seemingly naturalShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Theorist: Dr. Maria Telca Montessori849 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Maria Telca Montessori was the founder of the Montessori method of education. Maria, an Italian p hysician and educator, was born in Ancona, Italy on August 31, 1870 and died May 6, 1952. She was born to Alessandro and Renilde Montessori. Marie’s father was a soldier when he was young, and her mother was well educated. As a child Maria was seen to be self confident, positive, and extremely keen in change and helping people. Maria would knit things for the poor, and she enjoyed taking her neighbor

Slavery Is An Important Chapter Of American History

Slavery is an important chapter in American history, and its influence can be seen in the roots of our government and laws. Slavery is a prejudice based on race. It is also economic exploitation; the act of forcing other individuals to work for no pay. While slavery was ultimately abolished, restitution in the form of freedom was not compensation enough for the wrongs, nor could it remove the very ideal of slavery from our nation’s foundation. The effects of slavery continue to influence the political landscape in the United States. Today, although slavery speckles many facets of life, American citizens are once again enslaved to the government through taxation. Slavery is the result of racial prejudice. We see evidence of this dating back as far as the 1670’s when we see the English in the colonies â€Å"connoting evil and inferiority to black people† (Moretta, 2013, p 47). Here, we see that slavery is easy to digest for the English because they viewed it in this light. The evidence of the support of racial prejudice is laced throughout our history; we see racial tendencies from leaders like Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln, and landmark Supreme Court case decisions like the Dred Scott case where African Americans are denied citizenry. While we have the Declaration of Independence in 1776 declaring â€Å"all men are created equal,† America doesn’t begin to see that equality formally acknowledged until 1865 with the Thirteenth Amendment. Stefan Molyneux points outShow MoreRelatedSummary : Forever Free Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesErik Low Franco U.S. History H. 12 September 2016   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Forever Free   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter one The Peculiar Institution   Ã‚  Ã‚   A main idea in the first chapter is about the history of slavery and freedom in the U.S. Firstly slavery had existed during the American Revolution. Despite the fact that the founding fathers wanted freedom as a right to all men, then African Americans should also rightfully be allowed freedom. Foner quotes Lemuel Haynes, â€Å" If liberty were truly ‘an innate principle† forRead MoreThe American Revolution And American War Of Independence1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution or the American War of Independence was one of the most remarkable wars in the history of the world. The motives behind the war can be interestingly explained by Zinn from the chapter Tyranny Is Tyranny in A People’s History of The United States: 1â€Å"Around 1776, certain important people in the English colonies made a discovery that would prove enormously useful for the next two hundred years. 2They found that by creating a nation, a symbol, a legal unity called the United StatesRead MoreThe American Abolitionists Book Review Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pages Written by Harrold Stanley, American Abolitionists is a book that scrutinizes the movement of abolishing slavery in the United States. It examines the movement from its origin in the 18century in the course of the Civil War and the elimination of slavery in 1856. American Abolitionists book focuses on the American Abolitionists who struggled to end slavery and advocated for equal rights for all African Americans in the United States. Harrold mainly focuses his book on the abolitionist movementRead MoreJames Oliver Horton And Lois E. Horton Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesIn Hope of Liberty embodies a very thorough and complex narrative of Northern free blacks. James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton deliver to readers a detailed synthesis of several decades of information that pertains to early American history. The text ventures through social, political, and cultural movements that were occurring before the Civil War era. The Hortons not only demonstrate the importance of blackâ⠂¬â„¢s presence throughout the text but some of the contribution and the roles that led toRead MoreThe Way We Lived: Essays and Documents in American Social History, by Frederick Binder and David Reimers779 Words   |  4 Pages I have chosen to write about chapter three due to my fascination about the slavery period in our country; the reasons it happened, why it happened, and some of the missing history behind the period. As for the missing history, I have always been captivated be the underlying history that made slavery possible in America. Chapter three delves into the subject that has intrigued me ever since high school, especially how the slave trade came to be, how it was started, and those who actually began andRead MoreArnt I a Woman? Essay examples1659 Words   |  7 Pagesdetails the grueling experiences of the African American female slaves on Southern plantations. White resented the fact that African American women were nearly invisible throughout historical text, b ecause many historians failed to see them as important contributors to America’s social, economic, or political development (3). Despite limited historical sources, she was determined to establish the African American woman as an intricate part of American history, and thus, White first published her novelRead MoreCompare and contrast Thomas Jeffersons first Inaugural address and Hope and heritage: Myth and Thomas Jefferson1026 Words   |  5 Pages History 1301-Section 336 Nathan Giesenschlag 23 September 2013 Essay: Topic: Compare and Contrast â€Å"Thomas Jefferson’s first inaugural address† (Chapter 15 in Readings in United States History) and â€Å"Hope and Heritage: Myth and Thomas Jefferson†, (Chapter 14 in ReadingsRead More Deborah Gray White’s Ar’n’t I a Woman? Essay examples1629 Words   |  7 Pagesdetails the grueling experiences of the African American female slaves on Southern plantations. White resented the fact that African American women were nearly invisible throughout historical text, because many historians failed to see them as important contributors to America’s social, economic, or political development (3). Despite limited historical sources, she was determined to establish the African American woman as an intricate part of American history, and thus, White first published her novelRead MoreIn James Loewen’S Book, Lies My Teacher Told Me, He Talks1011 Words   |  5 Pagestextbooks. Are these actually misconception s though? What is the author saying about American history when details or whole event are untold? Lowen delves into these deep topics head on and gives examples as he goes. This book is not only intended for those who have read an American history book, but for those who have never heard the truth. Lowen wrote this book in order to uncover and educate; furthermore, this is important because events never told are now brought to light. Using detailed informationRead More1831: Year of Eclipse1248 Words   |  5 Pagesyears stick out to Americans about how our nation got to where we are today. When hearing the year 1776 you automatically think of the Declaration of Independence and how we became no longer apart of the British Empire. When you hear the year 1861, you get reminded about Abraham Lincoln becoming the sixteenth president of the United States and the start of the Civil War. There are so many more important years that stick out in American history. Those types of events are what Americans remember and live

Kanye West Free Essays

Kanye Omari West was born June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, and record producer. West first rose to fame as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, where he eventually achieved recognition for his work on Jay-Z’s album The Blueprint, as well as hit singles for musical artists including Alicia Keys, Ludacris, and Janet Jackson. His style of production originally used pitched-up vocal samples from soul songs incorporated with his own drums and instruments. We will write a custom essay sample on Kanye West or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, subsequent productions saw him broadening his musical palette and expressing influences encompassing ’70s RB, baroque pop, trip hop, arena rock, folk, alternative, electronica, synth-pop, and classical music. [2] West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004, his second album Late Registration in 2005, his third album Graduation in 2007, his fourth album 808s Heartbreak in 2008, and his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy in 2010. His five albums, all of which have gone platinum, have received numerous awards, including a cumulative twelve Grammys,[3][4][5] and critical acclaim. All have been very commercially successful, with My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy becoming his fourth consecutive #1 album in the U. S. upon release. [7] West also runs his own record label GOOD Music, home to artists such as John Legend, Common and Kid Cudi. [8] West’s mascot and trademark is â€Å"Dropout Bear,† a teddy bear which has appeared on the covers of three of his five albums as well as various single covers and music videos. [9] About. com ranked Kanye West #8 on their â€Å"Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers† list. [10] On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year’s #1 â€Å"Hottest MC in the Game. [11] On 17 December 2010, Kanye West was voted as the MTV Man of the Year by MTV. [12] Kanye West’s first career productions came on Chicago rapper Grav’s 1996 debut album Down to Earth. West produced eight tracks on the album. While the album did not attract much attention and would be the only album released by Grav, West would soon be producing for higher profile artists. In 1998-1999 he produced for well known artists such as Jermaine Dupri, Foxy Brown, Goodie Mob, and the group Harlem World. West got his big break in the year 2000 however when he began to produce for artists on Roc-a-Fella Records. He produced the well received Jay-Z song â€Å"This Can’t Be Life† off of the album The Dynasty: Roc La Familia. West would later state that to create the beat for â€Å"This Can’t Be Life† he sped up the drum beat from Dr. Dre’s song â€Å"Xxplosive†. [19] After producing for Jay-Z earlier, West’s sound was featured heavily on Jay-Z’s critically acclaimed album The Blueprint, released on September 11, 2001. [20] His work was featured on the lead single â€Å"Izzo (H. O. V. A. ),† â€Å"Heart of the City (Ain’t No Love)† and a diss track against Nas and Mobb Deep named â€Å"Takeover†; West has worked with Mobb Deep and Nas since the track’s release. After meeting great commercial success and critical acclaim for his productions on The Blueprint, West became a sought after producer in the hip-hop industry, even before he became known as a rapper and solo artist. In the years 2002-2003 he would produce for artists such as Nas, Scarface, Talib Kweli, Mos Def, T. I. , Ludacris, DMX, and Monica. He also continued producing for Roc-a-Fella Records artists and contribued four tracks to Jay-Z’s follow up album to The Blueprint, The Blueprint? : The Gift the Curse. After great successes as a producer, West now looked to pursue a career as a rapper and solo artist, but struggled to find a way to get a record deal. Chris Anokute, then AR at Def Jam, said that when West regularly dropped by the office to pick up his producer checks he would play demos of solo material to Anokute in his cubicle and bemoan the fact that no one was taking him seriously as a rapper. [21] Jay-Z admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming that he saw him as a producer first and foremost. Multiple record companies felt he was not as marketable as rappers who portray the â€Å"street image† prominent in hip hop culture. [19] Beginning his career as a rapper, Kanye West rapped a verse on Jay-Z’s The Blueprint? : The Gift the Curse, an album he produced for, from the same label he was signed to as a rapper. At the start of his career, Kanye West’s production style often used pitched-up vocal samples, usually from soul songs, with his own drums and instruments. [20] His first major release featuring his trademark vocal sampling style was â€Å"This Can’t Be Life†, a track from Jay-Z’s The Dynasty: Roc La Familia. West said he sped up the drum beat of Dr. Dre’s â€Å"Xxplosive† to use as a replacement for his drums on â€Å"This Can’t Be Life†. [19] West has said that Wu-Tang Clan producer RZA influenced him in his style,[16][88] and has said on numerous occasions that Wu-Tang rappers Ghostface Killah and Ol’ Dirty Bastard were some of his all-time favorites, â€Å"Wu-Tang? Me and my friends talk about this all the time†¦ We think Wu-Tang had one of the biggest impacts as far as a movement. From slang to style of dress, skits, the samples. Similar to the [production] style I use, RZA has been doing hat. â€Å"[89] RZA himself has spoken quite positively of the comparisons, stating in an interview for Rolling Stone, â€Å"All good. I got super respect for Kanye. He came up to me about a year or two ago. He gave me mad praising and blessings†¦ For people to say Wu-Tang inspire Kanye, Kanye is one of the biggest artists in the world. That goes back to what we say: ‘Wu-Tang is forever. ‘ Kanye is going to inspire people to be like him. â€Å"[90] After hearing his work on The Blueprint, RZA claimed that a torch-passing had occurred between him and West, saying, â€Å"The shoes gotta be filled. If you ain’t gonna do it, somebody else is gonna do it. That’s how I feel about rap today. â€Å"[90] West accompanied by an eleven-piece chamber orchestra While his use of sampling has lessened over time, West’s production continues to feature distinctive and intricate string arrangements. This characteristic arose from him listening to the English trip hop group Portishead, whose 1998 live album Roseland NYC Live, with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra inspired him to incorporate string sections into his hip hop production. Though he was unable to afford live instruments beyond violin riffs provided by Israeli violinist Miri Ben-Ari around the time of his debut album, its subsequent commercial success allowed him to hire his very own eleven-piece string orchestra. For a time, West stood as the sole current pop star to tour with a string section. [2] West has stated on several occasions that outside of work, he favors listening to rock music over hip-hop. He cites Franz Ferdinand, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and The Killers as some of his favorite musical groups. Additionally, on Graduation, West drew inspiration from arena rock bands such as U2, The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin for melody and chord progression. [91] Both a fan and supporter of indie culture, West uses his official website to promote obscure indie rock bands, posting up music videos and mp3s on a daily basis. [92] This musical affinity is mutual, as West has collaborated with indie artists such as Santigold, Peter Bjorn and John and Lykke Li while his songs have gone on to be covered countless times by myriad rock bands. How to cite Kanye West, Essay examples

Typed Notes for the Third Hunger Games Socratic Seminar free essay sample

What aspects of our popular culture do you see in The Hunger Games? 3. ) If Claudius Temple Smith did not stop Katniss and Peeta from eating the berries, what do you think Katniss and Peeta would do based on their previous actions? 4. ) Why do you think the author chose to put on page 307, where Katniss becomes emotional over Threshs death, when through the course of the book she does not become emotional over anyone except Rue and Peeta? 1. I think the fact that the Gamemakers were capable of altering the arena to their own whim made tributes more resentful of the Captitol and fueled Katniss reason to rebel. 2. ) The Hunger Games serves the purpose of preventing another uprising and of entertaining the Capitol. Elaborating on its entertainment purposes, Caesar Flickerman is the enthusiastic host of the pre-Hunger game interviews with each of the tributes. Each tribute even has their own styling team to ensure they look their best in front of the cameras. We will write a custom essay sample on Typed Notes for the Third Hunger Games Socratic Seminar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, during the games, Claudius Templesmith is the renowned announcer. These are only a few among the many shared similarities the Hunger Games shares with our modern day television shows. 3. ) I believed that Katniss and Peeta wouldve carried on with the ingestion of the nightlock berries just because their only other choice wouldve been to fight each other till death. Others (such as Samuel Rutzick) could have disagreed by saying Katniss only did it as a stratagem. Keeping in mind that Peeta had taken off the bandage, and as he and Katniss were trying to figure out another plan, he would have bled to death. 4. ) In response to this question, I think when Katniss becomes emotional about Threshs death its because she associates him with Rue- a character she identifies herself with strongly. What also may have contributed to her sentiment is the fact that Thresh had spared Katniss life (page 287). Katniss also tells Peeta on page 308 that if neither of them could be victorious, then let Thresh be the winner.

Analysis of A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 essay

Analysis of A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 essay Analysis of A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 essay Analysis of A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 essayThe Korean War at the end of the 16th century was the manifestation of Japanese aggression and ideology of the territorial expansion. The war was the manifestation of imperialist ambitions of Japan. On the other hand, the Korean War was not a mere invasion of one country by another. Instead, the war was the clash of two different civilizations. On the one hand, there was Confucianist Korea oriented on the internal development, while, on the other hand, there was Japan oriented on the territorial expansion and creation of the huge empire with Japan dominating in Eastern Asia. However, at the moment of the war, the scope of conflict was unclear and it is only due to such works as A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 by Kang Hang. Kang Hang became one of the first authors, who has managed to uncover Japan for Korean people and for Korean monarch above all. At the same time, this book is the insider story told by the outsider because the author was a captive in the war, who was always devoted to his country and monarch but was forced to stay in captivity in Japan, where he learned cultural norms and traditions of Japanese, their lifestyle, ideology and philosophy.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kang Hang has experienced the war in Cholla Province and experienced the horrors of Japanese occupation. The invasion of his country by foreigners, who disregarded the local culture, norms and traditions, has had a considerable impact on the personality of the author and his perception of the invasion, Korean and Japanese culture, which he has mirrored in his book. The Korean War was the clash of totally different forces, countries and cultures. Korea was traditionally oriented on the internal development and was never concerned with invasions. Instead, Japan was traditionally oriented on external invasions and such a trend was determined by scarcity of natural resources that forced Japanese to expand their empire to get wider opportunities to get access to new resources and maintain the fast progress of their country. At the same time, the development of the military conflict between Japan and Korea had a considerable impact on the population of both countries and relations between them. Japan attempted to dominate, while Korea attempted to preserve its independence. In such a context, the invasion of Korea by Japan was a terrible experience for Koreans because they suffered the inhuman attitude to Koreans from the part of Japanese. Japanese treated Koreans as being absolutely inferior to Japanese. This is why the war involved numerous casualties, especially from the part of Koreans, whom Japanese viewed as second-class citizens and, therefore, Japanese did not care much about the life of Korean people. Kang Hang witnessed the horrors of the invasion and suffered from the extermination of his compatriots and sufferings of his people.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, Japanese invasion resulted in the captivity of the author. Therefore, the invasion of Korea was not only the offense against Kang Hang’s country but also the offense against him in person (Yasunori 2). The capture of the author has had a considerable impact on his personal life and his perception of the surrounding world, which he mirrored in his book. The captivity was terrible for Kang Hang as a Korean because he was aware of the fact that Japanese will never treat him as equal. Moreover, he was also aware of the fact that the captivity would ruin his traditional lifestyle and deprive him of an opportunity to stay at home, which was the main value for him as a Korean. This experience has had a considerable impact on his book, where he clearly reveals his position as a captive of the invader, who treated him as a second-class citizen and whose life was not worth anything. He conveys clearly his fears about his future, but, at the same time, he preserves his spiritu ality and system of values, which helps him to view his position philosophically.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, Kang Hang lived as the captive in Japan but, at the same time, he remained Korean, with extensive knowledge of Chinese culture. Moreover, he was a devoted Confucianist and he continued to promote his ideas in Japan, even while he was a captive. As a result, he gained respect of Japanese that helped him to develop close interpersonal relations with Japanese to learn their culture, values, views and beliefs. Kang Hang preserved his traditional beliefs and values. He even tried to expand his influence on his captors promoting his Confucian ideas. Naturally, his captivity experience has influenced his perception of himself, his country as well as Japan and Japanese consistently and the book reveals how his views evolved in the course of time. The difference is particularly striking at the beginning of the book and at the end, when he starts the book as a Korean, who hates invaders and completes the book as a man, who has deserved the respect of his captors but who is still trying to do his best for his country, even if it is just a book. However, this book became the true revelation, which helped Korean monarch to understand better the enemy, their goals, intentions, philosophy and lifestyle. The information Kang Hang supplied the monarch with in his book became very important for the struggle of Koreans against Japanese invasion.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, Kang Hang always felt being a stranger in Japanese society. He had different values, beliefs and philosophy and he could not adapt Japanese system of values and philosophy. Therefore, his assimilation was virtually impossible. On the other hand, he has managed to understand better the traditional Japanese system of values and culture. In such a way, he remained an outsider in Japanese society but, on the other hand, he has managed to understand Japanese culture, system of values and philosophy better (Kim 92). In such a way, the position of Kang Hang remained quite controversial but he has managed to view Japanese culture from inside, although he remained a stranger and outsider. Paradoxically, the outsider has managed to have a look on Japan from within. In this regard, his critical thinking skills have played probably the determinant part.   At the same time, Kang Hang was flexible enough in his self-perception that he could view Japanese culture from a different perspective. He has managed to set himself free of many biases and stereotypes Koreans had in regard to Japanese. Instead, he observed their life, traditions, cultural norms and beliefs, their socioeconomic and political system, their military and made his notes, which laid the foundation to his book. In such a way, he has managed to collect the valuable information about the country, which has ruined his life and made him a captive, who has lost his home and his country, but who has remained devoted to his people for the rest of his life.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kang Hang describes Japanese from different standpoints because his perception of Japanese changes and evolves in the course of time. At first, he views them as brutal invaders, who attempt to invade his country and his home. At the beginning of his book, it is possible to trace the impact of traditional Korean views on Japanese as aggressive and dangerous enemies (Turnbull 132). These views prevail at the beginning of the book but steadily the author’s narrative becomes more thoughtful and less emotional. His initial hatred is replaced by interest and transforms into the quest, where the author of the book wants to find out what Japan is and what Japanese people actually are. He has managed to cope with his biases and stereotypes and observe Japanese in their real life environment. These observations helped him to change his views on Japanese and, mo re important, helped him to make other Koreans to view Japanese from a different standpoint.Steadily, he expands his view of Japanese and views them as representatives of the totally different culture compared to that of his own. To put it more precisely, he comes to the point, when he realizes that his Confucianist background with his focus on himself, his home and his country, confronts the different culture and philosophy of Japanese people, who viewed the invasion and expansion of their empire as prior to their personal life, well-being and prosperity of their home or family. The author uncovers the striking difference between Korean and Japanese cultures due to his experience of being a captive of Japanese and the time he has spent in Japan became the valuable time, when he has being learning Japanese as a   nation but not as a hated enemy.Nevertheless, Kang Hang basically tries to explore his captors from the standpoint of a representative of Confucianist philosophy. Remarka bly he does not view them exactly from the standpoint of a captive. He attempts to take his position from a philosophic ground. He has managed to evaluate critically his observations and reject his biases and stereotypes concerning Japanese, which he has learned during his life in Korea. He has also managed to reject his personal negative attitude to Japanese, who actually ruined his life by capturing him and moving to Japan. Instead, he makes objective judgments on the ground of his experience and observations, which he has made in the course of his life in Japan as a captive.At the same time, Kang Hang always remains loyal to his monarch. In this regard, his attempts to view Japanese from the broader, Confucianist perspective are just attempts to get more information about Japanese and to understand them better. While working on his book, he serves rather as a spy of his monarch than a mere writer. At any rate, he manifests his loyalty to the monarch. If he were biased, he could n ever make objective judgments about Japanese and uncover what Japanese actually were. Instead, he would just give the description of Japanese, Koreans and Korean monarch wanted him to make. Instead, he gives a relatively objective description of Japan and its people on the ground of his objective judgments because he views them philosophically.Kang Hang provides the broad scope of information about Japan, starting from the regular life of Japanese people to their political system, ideology, values, beliefs and philosophy. The author also attempts to give insight into the military structure of Japanese army but his focus is broader and expands his scope. He serves as the spy, who focuses on fundamental concepts of Japanese society and culture. His book helps to understand Japanese culture and uncover the essence of Japanese culture and nation. The detailed description of Japan provided by Kang Hang became an important source of information about Japan for Korean monarch and Korean pe ople.Thus, Kang Hang became a captive of Japanese but, instead of describing them as monsters slaughtering Koreans, he has managed to conduct the in-depth study of Japan and Japanese people to create the book that uncovers the truth about the life, ideology, value and culture of Japan and different aspects of life of Japanese. This is why his book is a valuable source of information about the 16th century Japan.

Research Paper Outline

Research Paper Outline Every student has to write a research paper outline from time to time, and that student has big problems with his  research paper outline, as this  research paper outline has to be on a specific topic, and has to be written according to specific instructions and requirements. A  research paper outline is what you write before you write the research paper, and that  research paper outline in particular plays a great role in your research paper. Whatever you do, in any activity in any sphere, the first stage you have to come through is planning. When you plan your research paper it always comes out more logical, algorithmic and sound than a research paper without any planning. It doesnt matter what writing skills you have or what writing experience you got during your lifetime, without planning you can make your research paper sound as from a sever year old. When sitting down do write a  research paper outline the first thing you have to do it pick the  research paper outline topic. The topic of your research paper defines the whole research paer and the route you will be following with your research paper. The best way to choose an appropriate topic for your  research paper outline is to think what would your professor be pleased to read about. You may be down to four or five topics, and afterwards you can simply choose the most interesting topic for you. Never  negate your professors point of view, as he might be searching your research paper for his own thoughts, and confirmation that you have  successfully  understood the material of his lectures. Another important  issue  in writing a  research paper outline is to be detailed as much as possible. When writing a school  research paper outline, high school  research paper outline, college  research paper outline or even a university  research paper outline you have to focus on the outline as much as possible. The research paper outline is your first step to getting a research paper done, so if you fail your research paper outline you won’t be able to write a research paper outline with excellence. Always follow the  research paper outline instructions 100%. The first thing your professor checks is the instructions, requirements and specifications that must be followed. If you do not follow the  research paper outline instructions you get a deduction in point you did not follow. So if you want an ideal  research paper outline always plan it using the requirements of the  research paper outline. If you need a custom research paper writing service feel free to contact us.

Critically appraise the value of the concept of 'inequality regimes' Essay

Critically appraise the value of the concept of 'inequality regimes' for understanding workplace inequalities - Essay Example They pathetically fail to understand the complex and intricate connectivity and linkages between the traditional and largely popular instruments of inequality that is gender, race and class (Ozbilgin ed. 2009). The notion of ‘inequality regimes’ exposes the intersectionality of the traditional modes and models of oppression resting on the foundations of gender, race and class (Acker 2006). The astuteness of this concept originates from its premise that the varied and isolated modes of oppression are in fact interrelated and connected, thereby perpetuating and propagating a system of oppression that escapes correction and rectification by virtue of its intricacy and cumbersomeness (Acker 2006). Once the co-relatedness of the individual and discrete forms of oppression and inequality is established and realized, it paves the way for identifying and isolating the barriers and impediments to the task of establishing equality at the workplace (Collins 2000). The limiting factor associated with the concept of inequality regimes is that it delves and elaborates on the inequalities rampant and practised at the workplace. According to Acker (2006), â€Å"inequality regimes are the interlocked practices and processes that result in continuing inequalities in all work organizations.† A more plausible line of argument would be that the realization and cognition of a situation of inequality is always associated with the complete life experience of women and coloured people (Acker 2000). The complete life experience includes both the professional and domestics life situations of the affected individuals and groups. However, pragmatically speaking, workplace represents the most appropriate venue for studying inequalities because not only a wide range of inequalities originate in organizations, but professional hubs also present a plausible and unique opportunity to trace the genesis and proliferation of inequalities in a

Have you been influenced by your family history or culture, or the Essay

Have you been influenced by your family history or culture, or the family environment you grew up in You might consider who you are as an individual, what va - Essay Example With so many people sharing a planet and so many different characteristics, ideologies, concepts, opinions, dreams, aspirations and life styles, the world should be a happy melting pot of culture and celebrated differences. Sadly, this is not the case at all. I dream of living in a world, or even a community where qualities such as acceptance, love, kindness and understanding are the centrifugal emotions and attitudes. I hope to one day see a world that is almost void of racism, war, hatred, prejudice, greed, violence and unkindness. I feel strongly that if we all made an effort to celebrate the things which make us different, we would have a much easier time forming long and lasting friendships and partnerships with others. This would ultimately lead to a peaceful and symbiotic coexistence for everyone on the planet. I feel that I am an extremely ambitious individual and capable of a myriad of tasks at once. I fell strongly that I am best suited to be an entrepreneur, and a self made one at that. I am dedicated to my education, as well as to hard work and studying in order to surpass the expectations and ideologies of my parents and grandparents before me. I look forward to building my own company from the ground up and watching it flourish through all of my hard work and dedication. I hope that in some small way, I can create a sense of happiness and acceptance among the people that I meet and work with in such a way that a spirit of kindness and individuality will seep into the lives of everyone I know and then everyone that those individuals know and so on. I am grateful for my heritage and for the most part, proud of it. I have seen racism and conflicts between ethnic groups in my life which saddens me. I believe these events have made me a stronger person as well as one who is aware of the horrors of a racist attitude. Just as an attitude of racism infects those

Commercial from youtube Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Commercial from youtube - Essay Example This implies that the target is mostly teens or youths who are still in college or new in their respective jobs (Samsung Galaxy 1). Psychographics in commercial involves lifestyles, behaviors, and psychology of customers. The Samsung galaxy S4 commercial is a graduation pool party, which implies that the target market is a group of youths or elders who like having fun. On contrary to demographics that identifies the buyers, psychographics determines the reasons why customers purchase a product. Since the commercial is a graduation pool party, a number of demographics and psychographic aspects are absent. For instance, the commercial does not fully cover the customers in rural areas as well as the ageing population. Overt message found in commercials is a blatant form of advertisement commonly used in television, newspapers, leaflets and billboards. The Samsung commercial features numerous television channels such as TNT during NBA broadcast (Samsung Galaxy 1). Covert is opposite to overt in the Samsung galaxy s4 commercial. One dominant aspect of the covert message is product placement where many visual references to the product are evident in the video. The advantage of covert message is that it captures the attention of

Change management in a police organisation

Change management in a police organisation This essay will analyse a change management situation in a police organisation, namely Strathclyde Police and will compare two approaches to leadership which could be used in the situation and select a suitable approach, drawing a reasoned conclusion on why it is likely to be effective in the situation. The two approaches to leadership under examination will be The Traits Approach and the Contingency Approach. It will select two different inter-personal skills, namely influencing and negotiating, which a leader could use and draw conclusions on how each skill could contribute to the effectiveness of a leader. Finally this essay will use relevant concepts to analyse the role of a leader and suggest and justify actions which a leader could take to ensure all aspects of change are effectively implemented, in doing so this essay will look at such methods as change implementers, Force Field Analysis and PESTEL analysis. Firstly, we must answer the question, what is the difference between leaders and managers? The leader is followed. The manager rules The Difference between Management and Leaders (online) Available at http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/MENG/ME96/Documents/Intro/leader.html (accessed April 2010) This is a very simplistic definition that portrays an image of a leader making a stand and being followed, through choice by his subordinates or fellow workers whereas with management, subordinates have no choice but to follow him. Kotter (1990) argued that managers and leaders each have three main tasks but they undertake and complete them in entirely different ways. These tasks are: deciding what needs to be done, creating networks of people and relationships that can accomplish the agenda and trying to ensure that people actually do the job. However, Kotter goes on to say that managers and leaders deal with these tasks differently. Zaleznik (1977) thereafter identified 4 areas which followed on from Kotters ideas whereby managers and leaders differed. They are as follows; attitudes towards goals, conceptions of work, relations with others and senses of self, leaders when compared to managers appear to adopt a more personal role. Prentice (1961) stated Leaders achieve goals through their understanding of their fellow workers and their relationships of their individual goals to the groups aim. It should also be noted that managers can be leaders and vice versa. APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP There are a number of approaches to leadership and this essay will focus on the Contingency Approach and the Traits Approach. The Contingency approach was a continuation of Tannenbaum and Schmidts Continuum of Leadership. It believed that there was not one single style of leadership which was appropriate for every situation a leader could face. Instead the contingency Approach argued that good leadership was dependant upon the situation at hand. The Contingency Theory is to analyse the situation you currently face and select the most appropriate style to deal with the circumstances. This will require the leader to adjust their managerial style with every situation they face. In a policing sense, no two situations faced by a leader will ever be identical and as such no two solutions will be the same. Therefore, a leader within the police service must be able to be fluid in his approach and be able to take cognisance of the situation at hand and be willing to change to deal with it. Situations and circumstances faced by police officers are also ever changing; a solution which was possible one minute earlier may no longer be suitable. Fiedlers (1967) argued that the behaviour of leaders rested on three main factors, known as Fiedlers Contingency model. The factors were; Leader Member relations, this involves the amount of trust between the leader and subordinate and how far team members were willing to follow their leader. Task Structure this covers the extent to which the task is clearly defined and whether there are standard procedures for carrying out the task and the power of the leader for example the power of the leader within the organisation and how they could influence team members. Another mode of the Contingency Theory is Situational Leadership by Hersey and Blanchard (1988) in this form, leadership style takes cognisance of the extent team members are ready to perform a task. There are 4 levels of readiness named R1, R2, R3 and R4. In a policing environment, the follower in R1 could be described as a probationer whereby the follower is unable or unwilling or unable and insecure to follow the task, R2 could be a less competent police officer who is wiling to carryout the task and confident in doing so but is unable to carry it out to the required standard, R3 could be the police officer who is able but unwilling or able but insecure, who perhaps lacks confidence in his own ability, whereas R4 is able, willing and confident in carrying out the task and could be described in a policing term as a senior man figure. Willingness refers to the followers commitment and motivation whereas as insecurity refers to team members who lack confidence in their ability. Hersey and Blanchard state there are two dimensions of leader behaviour, one of which denotes the amount of direction given by the leader to the followers, the other is how much support they offer their followers. There are four leadership styles derived from this which are S1, S2, S3 and S4. S1 is telling or directing little support is offered by the leader but he does offer a great deal of advice and direction. S2 is selling or coaching whereby the leader displays a lot of directing and supporting behaviour as well as support by telling followers what to do and offering them support and encouragement. S3 participating or supporting, the leader gives little direction but offers a lot of encouragement and support by way of communication with team members. S4 delegating, the leader does little in the way of supporting or directing. Different people will react differently to different forms of leadership, and a leader should tailor his style to the individual person he is directing. The Traits Approach argues that there are specific qualities associated with Leadership, whereby leaders can be differentiated from others by the possession of specific characteristics or traits. It is based on the assumption that leaders are born and not made and therefore you can not learn to be a leader but are born with these traits. Many people have attempted to conjure up a definitive list of personal qualities or traits that these great leaders possess. Typical traits include self-confidence, initiative, enthusiasm, integrity, decisiveness, judgement and imagination. The problem with the Traits approach is that it proved impossible to come up with a definite set of traits that could be applied to leadership. It also became apparent in research that successful leaders often had different personalities and traits. As a result of these short comings the Traits Approach fell into disfavour, however, the idea of successful leaders possessing certain qualities is still in survival. INTER-PERSONAL SKILLS AND LEADERSHIP Successful and effective leaders and managers require a range of interpersonal skills. Two particular aspects of inter-personal skills are Influencing trying to get someone to do or think something that they might not have ordinarily done and negotiating making a bargain with others to arrive at a mutually acceptable outcome. This essay will look at these two skills in more detail and draw conclusions on how these skills could contribute to the effectiveness of a leader. It should be noted that these two skills overlap each other however this essay will deal with them as separate entities. Influencing can be said to be the critical skill hat a leader must possess. Influencing is the process in which one person gets another person to do something. There are methods which a leader can use to exert influence, these are known as influence strategies, and there are 6 different ways of classifying influencing strategies Reason, assertion, exchange, courting favour, partnership and coercion. Within a policing environment Reason is probably used most often, whereby using reasoned and logical arguments to convince someone to act or think in accordance with the influencer. Another less positive action used within the police service would be coercion which is using or threatening to use some kind of sanction, either a positive or negative sanction. An example of this would be when Strathclyde police wished to implement a new shift system known as VSA, there was a lot of unhappiness and a refusal to change. As such Strathclyde officers were informed if they did not agree to VSA they would be put back on a very old shift pattern of 7 earlies, 7 lates and 7 nights which was worse than the proposed VSA, as such the Strathclyde officers reluctantly accepted the VSA shifts. Of the 6 influencing strategies all of them except coercion would be classed as pull strategies which mean that they aim to persuade or pull the other party into accepting what the influencer wants. Coercion is a push strategy which means pushing the other party into accepting. The second inter-personal skill we will look at is negotiating. Negotiating is a process of bargaining, the end result is where all the parties involved come to an agreement. Negotiating is a way of resolving differences between people of which there are two factors which can have a considerable effect on negotiations these are, the stages in the negotiating process and negotiating behaviours. The ideal outcome in any negotiation is Win Win this is where both parties win from the negotiations. However there is also Win Lose whereby one party loses and lose lose where both parties are worse off than before they started. There may be situations when the result is a Lose Lose situation where to reach an agreement both parties must compromise and give something up Fisher and Ury (1981) came up with a method called BATNA which stands for Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. BATNA is where a leader chooses not to negotiate if the outcome was to lead to a less favourable outcome than they had hoped for or accept an outcome they feel is unsatisfactory. There are four main processes of negotiation and they aim for a Win Win outcome, these are; preparation, opening phase, getting movement to reach agreement and closing the negotiation. Good negotiators must also adopt behaviours which aid and help negotiations and lose traits which may hinder them. Good negotiators are clear on what they want to achieve and of the final outcome, they are flexible and not tied to one particular outcome and will consider other outcomes and ideas and they work towards a Win Win situation. In a policing sense, negotiations take place between the Police Federation in an internal and external fashion, an external negotiation could be with the Government or an internal negotiations could take place between the Police Federation and Senior Officers. Managers or leaders on a shift may have to negotiate with leaders of other shifts in the same office in order to look after their own staff, an example of this is a local agreement between supervisors that officers attending at work to go to court on their day off get to go home if the shift on duty has adequate numbers and it is not overly busy on their return from court. This is a Win Win situation for all involved. Another example of successful negotiations is CID officers allowing uniformed officers to borrow their unmarked police vehicles when they have spares and all marked cars are being used on the proviso that uniformed officers wash the unmarked CID cars on a Sunday early shift! THE ROLE OF LEADERS IN ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE All organisations have to respond to changes in society, changes in government and changes within society, the police service is no different. Richard Daft (1993) defines organisational change as The adoption of a new idea or behaviour by an organisation it can also be describes as Closing the gap, moving an organisation from its original state to a desired future state because there is a gap between where the organisation is at the moment and where it wants to be and change is needed to fill this gap. Kanter et al (1992) said that different people play different roles in organisational change. There are three different type of people; change strategists or initiators, those who initiate change and set direction for it, these people are normally leaders, there are change implementers those who co-ordinate and carry out the change and are normally managers and change recipients those affected by the change. Organisational change can take place on both a large scale and small scale. Senior (2002) identifies four main types of change; Fine tuning where minor changes are made to ongoing processes, incremental change this involves small scale modifications such as introducing new technology, an example of an incremental change in the police could be the addition of AIRWAVE, modular transformation is a major change centred on one or more departments or divisions such as the recent transformation in Strathclyde police where Divisions and Sub divisions were reshuffled which done away with E and C division and created new sub-divisions throughout the force to bring the beats and sub divisions in line with local council wards, and finally Corporate Transformation which involves a change in the whole organisation, perhaps the appointment of a new Chief Constable to a force or in Strathclyde police the creation of the Major Crime and Terrorism Investigation Unit as a direct response to the Glasg ow airport terror incident. There are different levels of change within an organisation, it can occur at individual, group or the whole organisation. The higher the level of change the harder and longer it will take to implement. Force Field Analysis and was devised in the 1950s by Kurt Lewin and is a technique used far analysing internal and external pressures that can influence any organisational change. It takes cognisance of both forces which may promote change and those which may oppose change. It is more often used in large scale transformative change. The idea of Force Field Analysis is that there will be forces for and against change. Where these forces are equal there will be no change in the organisation. This is called equilibrium. However, change will take place when the driving forces exceed the resisting forces. The advantages of Force field analysis are; it helps to identify all the forces that impact change, it highlights the fact that some forces may be stronger than others, it helps access whether or not an organisation is ready for change, it can be a quick and simple way of assessing whether a suggested change would be a success and it can be used as a guide to action. The disadvantages are it is subjective and it relies on who carries out the force filed analysis, it can be imprecise as the strength of a force can not be accurately judged and it is a snap shot at a point of time and by the time it is implemented it can be out of date. External forces which could lead to an organisational change can be identified using a PESTEL analysis which takes into account the following factors, Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, technological, Environmental and Legal, however, no such analysis tool exists for internal forces. There can be a lot of resistance to change, the 4 main reasons are; parochial self interest, misunderstanding or lack of trust, different assessments and low tolerance to change. In a policing organisation the biggest resistance could be parochial self interest which means that people resist change as they believe that their position could be at threat and that they will lose out, another example would be misunderstanding or lack of trust, subordinates in the police can be very wary of senior management and may distrust or misunderstand the reasons for change. This can be as a result of a lack of communication between the parties involved. However such resistance can be overcome by education and communication and participation and involvement to name but a few. CONCLUSION To conclude, I feel that the traits approach to leadership is not very valid and suggests that a leader is born and does not learn how to become a leader, the qualities associated with the traits approach are very much needed by a manger in order to lead so there is some benefit to this approach. The contingency approach shows us that not one single style of leadership will suit every situation and that you must be able and willing to change. Situational leadership goes on to show that a leader must also be aware of the skills his officers possess and tailor the advice he offers them to their level, some officers may require more help and guidance than others and a leader must be aware of this. Both influencing and negotiating are vital interpersonal skills for any leader to have but both can be used for negative reasons such as influencing and negotiating another to accept a deal which is unfair to them and a leader must try and not fall into this trap. In order for any organisation to succeed in the future it must move to close any gaps a good tool for any leader to utilise when closing the gap is force field analysis there can be resistance to change but there are many ways in which a leader can move to remove this resistance with the use of education, involvement negotiation and agreement.

The Mysterious Vanishing Frogs of North America Essay -- Environment E

The Mysterious Vanishing Frogs of North America I have a passion for all things slimy, wet, and creepy-crawly. Some of the best times of my life have been spent on my knees, digging in the dirt for earthworms, traipsing back from ponds with buckets of putrid swamp water teeming with tadpoles, or chasing fat little toads in knee-high grass. I love the outdoors and all of the ugly animals that inhabit it. I like to catch them, watch them, and – especially – photograph them. For the longest time, lizards have been the main focus of my photographic endeavors, but last summer, inspired by a book on frogs from the local library, I set out to document the lives of these often overlooked amphibians. I live in southern Florida near the Everglades, and I remember catching, mating, and raising dozens of frogs as a kid, so I didn’t expect to have to lug my tripod and lenses very far to find a suitable subject. But much to my dismay, I didn’t find a single frog in an entire afternoon of searching. In fact, in the ye ar and half since my initial search, I’ve seen only four frogs. I immediately assumed that pollution had decimated the populations of my favorite amphibian. I have no hard evidence, but I believe that this is a common belief shared by many fellow lay naturalists. This makes scientific sense; frogs spend most of their lives in water, have thin, easily permeable skin during all stages of their lives, and lay their gelatinous eggs in water. Pesticides and other pollutants accumulate in water, where they can easily diffuse into the thin skin of frogs. It all seems perfectly logical. The catch is, this perfectly logical and widely believed answer is probably false. While there are never any absolutes in ecology, there is a l... ...y/froglog/FROGLOG-24-4.html Explanation for Naturally Occurring Supernumerary Limbs in Amphibians Stanley K. Sessions and Stephen B. Ruth The Journal of Experimental Zoology 254:38-47 (1990). http://www.hartwick.edu/biology/def_frogs/trem/Sessions&Ruth.html Sessions’ research group’s web page http://www.hartwick.edu/biology/def_frogs/Introduction/Introduction.html Morphological Clues from Multilegged Frogs: Are Retinoids to Blame? Stanley K. Sessions, R. Adam Franssen, and Vanessa L. Horner Science 1999 April 30; 284: 800-802. (in Reports) http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/284/5415/800 University of Wisconsin BioLab http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-4a/Trematode_Life-Cycle/trematode_life-cycle.htm Stanley K. Sessions Science 1998 January 23; 279: 459 (in Letters)

Inclusion in own area of responsibility Essay

1.1 – Explain models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility It is important to understand the positive values of equality and diversity in my role as all service users are vulnerable whether physically or mentally. Caring for others and engaging with them engaging in decisions in relation to their life, health and wellbeing exercises a certain amount of power over the vulnerable adult. This has the potential to be misused or abused. Staff members understanding of equality and diversity greatly influences their behaviour in their role. The staff members approach to both equality and diversity will have a direct impact on both increasing equality and removing discrimination or help reinforce inequality and discrimination. It is often argued that discrimination is often carried out unknowingly or due to ignorance, insensitivity or common held beliefs that are not challenged. No matter how justified, there is no place for discrimi nation in a care setting. It is the responsibility of the manager to promote ant-discrimination and raise staff awareness about equality, diversity ad inclusion. see more:barriers to equality and inclusion Equality means to treat others with respect and as individuals. It is important not to confuse the meaning if equality as it does not mean to treat everyone the same. Every person is unique and is individual so in order to promote equality it is important to treat everyone fairly. Each person has their own needs, wishes and preferences so it is imperative that these are respected. A popular model of promoting equality is through the equal opportunities approach. It is helpful to have a good understanding of equality on order to understand that all individuals should have the same opportunities to achieve a good outcome. The equal opportunities approach is based on the idea that the starting point for all individuals should all be the same. This means that barriers to these opportunities, were possible, are removed and positive interventions are implemented. An equal opportunities approach also means that all individuals are treated the same regardless of age, race, colour, sex, religion, disability and sexuality. For example, it would be discriminatory to produce a job advert for a female receptionist as gender of the applicant is irrelevant. If the person is suited to the job role and has the necessary qualifications, gender in the role is irrelevant. If a  person whether male or female is qualified and capable of doing the job role then whether they are male or female does not make any difference. This approach encourages in individuals to reflect on potential and actual barriers to opportunities and propose and implement ways of overcoming these. The equal opportunities approach proves very successful in improving equality and inclusion. There are several anti-discriminatory legislations in place: Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Equal Pay Act 1970 Race Relations Act 1976 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 Equality Act 2006 Some critics believe the equal opportunities approach suggest that social structures and behaviours are so deeply discriminatory that, even when opportunities are equalised, some individuals will still be unable to overcome barriers and realise their full potential. Equality involves fairness and diversity involves valuing difference. Walker identified that the difference and diversity model is based on four key principles: Individuals function best when they feel valued People feel more valued when they believe their individual and group differences are valued The ability to learn from those who are different is the key to becoming empowered When individuals are valued and respected they can work independently and as part of a team to build relationships There are two models that link with equality, diversity and inclusion, the first one is the social model of disability which views discrimination and prejudice as being embedded in today’s society, their attitude’s and their surrounding environment. The social model focuses on who the adult is as person not what their disability or diagnosis is, the focus is on how to improve and empower the individual’s life and lead a more independent life as possible. The second model is the medical model of disability which views adults has having an impairment or lacking in some way, this model focuses on impairments that the adult has and finding and acknowledging ways to correct them. The client group at my current place of work are adults with  mild learning disability and some of the residents have a dual diagnosis of mental health issues as well. Both the social and medical model has an impact on their daily life. The home’s ethos is to empower the residents and in able them to lead a normal life as possible. This is done by providing and engaging them in their own individualised care plans and asking their opinions on what they like how they like it etc. allowing them to make informed choices for them self and whether they have the capacity to make these decisions. 1.2 – Analyse the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility Inclusion, equality of opportunity and anti-discrimination are central principles in social care. All activity needs to be planned on the basis that some people may need additional support to overcome the barriers they face. Barriers are those things that prevent or make access to a service more difficult for certain groups and individuals. The barriers faced in your own workplace will be related to your own working environment and on the area of care you work in. These barriers could include one or more of the following:  · age  · gender or gender identity  · disability – physical or sensory impairment  · faith  · ethnic origin  · sexual orientation  · communication, literacy and language It is important that an organisation culture is developed which reflects and reinforces a commitment to valuing diversity. It is the responsibility of the manager to ensure that all team members are aware what the values of the organisation are and understands that they are all expected to adopt these values. Clear expectations should be made available through training when onboarding all new team member so they are aware of what is expected of them prior to beginning their new role. It is important to raise awareness of equality and diversity. Managers should be perceived to set an example and enact the organisations values. Barriers: Our own personal beliefs and values are often deeply ingrained from our own personal upbringing and culture. It is only when these values and beliefs and values are challenged by new experiences that demonstrate that those beliefs may be flawed, that many people’s values are reflected on and, where appropriate changed. Evaluating beliefs and values are a good way to break down prejudice. Prejudice is often not an individual belief but is a more wide spread issue makes this a difficult problem to eliminate. In an organisation individuals should be made aware from the beginning that prejudice will not be tolerated and that team members are encouraged, supported and protected to speak out against it. Managers who are able to create a culture of discussion, tolerance and an open minded community are often proven as the most successful leaders. Prejudice can lead to unacceptable behaviour such as bullying, harassment and abuse of power which can infringe on the rights of others. If this occurs in the workplace disciplinary action should be undertaken in order to comply with organisational values and beliefs. There are also structural barriers to equality and inclusion. For example, a workplace without accessible toilets for those in wheelchairs is discriminatory and against the law. Barriers of any kind can make an individual feel disrespected and not valued. All individuals have a right to be treated fairly regardless of their age, race, sex, culture, beliefs, religion or disability. For example, if a vacancy for a promotion became available and the manager wanted an English person to fill the position. This would be discrimination on the basis of an individual’s race. By being English does not necessarily mean they will be better at the role. It is important to give all individuals a fair chance at the position and clearly nominate the best person for the role by judging them on their qualifications and suitability for the role and not because of their race, culture, age, sex or disability. 1.3 – Analyse the impact of legislation and policy initiatives on the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility Equality is a state of being equal in terms of value, quantity or quality. It is about uniformity. It is also about ensuring that people are treated fairly and given fair chances. Equality is not about treating everyone in exactly the same way, it is about recognising and valuing individual needs  and seeking to meet them in different ways. Diversity means differences, varieties, and unlikeness. It is understanding and coping with peoples’ differences so that they can be effective using them to one’s advantage. Inclusion is seen as a universal human right. The aim of inclusion is to embrace all people irrespective of race, gender, disability, medical or other need. It is about giving equal access and opportunities and getting rid of discrimination and intolerance (removal of barriers). It affects all aspects of public life.

Four Studying Tips for an Essay Test

Four Studying Tips for an Essay Test Test day is here. You’ve packed your brain full of definitions, dates, and details, preparing for a marathon of multiple choice and true false questions, and now you’re staring at a single, solitary, terrifying essay question. How could this happen? You’re suddenly fighting for your life (okay, a grade), and your only weapons are a blank piece of paper and a pencil. What can you do? Next time, prepare for the test as if you know it will be an essay test.​ Why Do Teachers Use Essay Questions? Essay questions are based on themes and overall ideas. Teachers like to use essay questions because they give students the opportunity to express everything they’ve learned over the weeks or months, using their own words. Essay test answers reveal more than the bare facts, though. When submitting essay answers, students are expected to cover lots of information in an organized, sensible manner. But what if you prepare for an essay question and the teacher doesn’t ask one? No problem. If you use these tips and understand the themes and ideas of the test period, the other questions will come easily. 4 Essay Question Study Tips Review chapter titles. Textbook chapters often refer to themes. Look at each relevant title and think of smaller ideas, chains of events, and relevant terms that fit within that theme.As you take notes, look for teacher code words. If you hear your teacher use words like â€Å"once again we see† or â€Å"another similar event occurred,† make note of it. Anything that indicates a pattern or chain of events is key.Think of a theme every day. Every few nights as you review your class notes, look for themes. Come up with your own essay questions based on your themes.Practice your essay questions. As you do, make sure you use vocabulary terms found in your notes and text. Underline them as you go, and go back to review their relevance. If you take effective notes and think in terms of themes as you study each night, you’ll be prepared for every type of test question. You’ll soon find that, in understanding the theme of each lesson or chapter, you’ll begin to think more like your teacher thinks. You will also begin to form a deeper understanding of the test material overall.

A Definition of the Nguni Word Ubuntu

A Definition of the Nguni Word Ubuntu Ubuntu is a complex word from the Nguni language with several definitions, all of them difficult to translate into English. At the heart of each definition, though, is the connectedness that exists or should exist between people. Ubuntu is best known outside of Africa as a humanist philosophy associated with Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Curiosity about the name may also come from it being used for the open source operating system called Ubuntu. Meanings of Ubuntu One meaning of Ubuntu is correct behavior, but correct in this sense is defined by a persons relations with other people. Ubuntu refers to behaving well towards others or acting in ways that benefit the community. Such acts could be as simple as helping a stranger in need, or much more complex ways of relating with others. A person who behaves in these ways has ubuntu. He or she is a full person. For some, Ubuntu is something akin to a soul force - an actual metaphysical connection shared between people and which helps us connect to each other. Ubuntu will push one toward selfless acts. There are related words in many sub-Saharan African cultures and languages, and the word Ubuntu is now widely known and used outside of South Africa. Philosophy of Ubuntu During the era of decolonization, ubuntu was increasingly described as an African, humanist philosophy,  Ubuntu in this sense is a way of thinking about what it means to be human, and how we, as humans, should behave towards others. Archbishop Desmond Tutu famously described ubuntu as meaning My humanity is caught up, is inextricably bound up, in what is yours.1 In the 1960s and early 70s, several intellectuals and nationalists referred to ubuntu when they argued that an Africanization of politics and society would mean a greater sense of communalism and socialism. Ubuntu and the End of Apartheid In the 1990s, people began to describe Ubuntu increasingly in terms of the Nguni proverb translated as a person is a person through other persons.2 Christian Gade has speculated that the sense of connectedness appealed to South Africans as they turned away from the separation of Apartheid. Ubuntu also referred to the need for forgiveness and reconciliation rather than vengeance. It was an underlying concept in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and the writings of Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu raised awareness of the term outside of Africa. President Barack Obama included mention of Ubuntu in his memorial to Nelson Mandela, saying it was a concept that Mandela embodied and taught to millions. Endnotes 1 Desmond Tutu: A Personal Overview of South Africas Truth and Reconciliation Commission No Future Without Forgiveness,  Ã‚ © 2000.2 Christian B.N. Gade, What is Ubuntu? Different Interpretations among South Africans of African Descent. South African Journal Of Philosophy 31, no. 3 (August 2012), 487. Sources Metz, Thaddeus, and Joseph B. R. Gaie. The African ethic of Ubuntu/Botho: implications for research on morality. Journal Of Moral Education 39, no. 3 (September 2010): 273-290. This article expands upon the definition of Ubuntu published by Alistair Boddy-Evans

Capstone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Capstone - Research Paper Example Hence, the study is aimed at assessing the role of innovation in increasing the profitability level of travel and tourism industry in the UAE. In relation to this study, data would be collected with the help of accessing primary sources by the conduct of questionnaire survey and secondary sources comprising books and journals among others. Moreover, findings would be analyzed with the help of qualitative analysis tool of regression, which would be helpful to arrive at definite outcomes. In this globalization and technology driven era, the national economy of several countries is developing rapidly. With this concern, it is to be affirmed that the advent of globalization has certainly enhanced the travel and tourism industry in the global domain (Decelle, 2004). Thus, it can be inferred that after the imposition of globalization, the aforesaid industry has certainly become one of the most vital pillars of the economic development of the nations. There lay several countries whose economy mainly relies upon the travel and tourism industry. In this regard, United Arab Emirates (UAE) is recognized to be one of the most popular countries wherein such industry plays a decisive part in developing its economic position as per the desired level (OECD, 2006). With this concern, the research paper intends to analyze the role of innovation in increasing the profitability level of UAEs travel and tourism industry. While analyzing the above stated subject matter of the study, an attempt has been made to establish the relationship persisting amid innovation and profitability of the industry within the nation. The economic and social conditions of the UAE are undergoing huge transformations from the past few years. The strong economy of this nation is highly depending upon two different sectors such as oil and Tourism industry. It has been apparently observed that every year the

Translation review 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Translation review 5 - Essay Example A collective noun is a noun, which denotes a group of entities, and can be distinguished "from other nouns by a distinct patter of number contrast." It is therefore a single collective entity. It usually allows a flexible choice of pronoun as this can be either singular or plural depending on the perception of individuality within the group. As far as translation is concerned, the choice reflects a nuance in meaning relating to gender. English not only has a wider range of collective nouns than Arabic, it also "gives the speaker many such choices to express his attitude to the content of his message". And, as with translation in general, there are variations in the scope of meaning of words between languages. In Arabic, collective nouns "can be treated as singular depending on their form, and they can be treated as plural depending on their meaning" such as in sa’ara and sa’aru’ respectively. So pluralization of collectives is possible in both languages though the range of collectives is greater in English. Using examples of collective nouns, this study tests a group of 20 college students in backtranslating and presents the results with analysis. The hypothesis is that "testees are going to use the item group as the equivalent for most of the collective nouns of English." The findings showed that "most of the students faced problems in finding the exact equivalents for some of the nouns." The grammatical mistakes showed that "Arabic is richer in its grammatical system than English." The article addresses an issue in translation theory that has hitherto received little attention. It makes a thorough exploration of the issue of backtranslating by means of a test on sets of collective nouns. The number of testees is not much of an issue because in back translating we are concerned not with the quantity but the quality of the translation and the semantic precision. The topic is a good illustration of some of the difficulties of translating

The Human Relations Movement Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Human Relations Movement - Term Paper Example Response Scientific management concept gave birth to the field of management about a century ago with pioneering work performed by Fredrick W Taylor during 1900s. The concept of management has, ever since, evolved and developed into a completely new framework that is based on quite contrasting factors described in scientific management, referred to as the human relations movement, after pioneering work of Elton May and colleagues through the Hawthorne experiments. While scientific management levied greater emphasis on the employer and the business, contemporary management levies higher significance on employees. However, both management concepts are focused on improving and growing business and reducing costs and wastage. Management specialists regard scientific management or Taylorism as the villain and the Human Relations Movement as the hero of present times. This discourse evaluates this comparison in lieu of current organizational challenges. In the process, it also evaluates va rious situations that continue to apply scientific management concepts and how these concepts continue to save organizations. At the same time, application concepts from the human relations movement are also analyzed. Scientific management was indeed first science applied to management in order to help the employer reap maximum benefits from his/her employers’ efforts. ... Taylor strongly believed that not all members of a group can be equally efficient or productive. In order to minimize inefficiency, he proposed principles of management based on a scientific study conducted in the manufacturing industry. Taylor believed that the principal object of management should be to secure maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for the employee (qt. In Schermerhorn, 2010). Scientific management or Taylorism is based on three core principles derived from three myths as considered by Taylor (2008).  Ã‚  

Showing Respect Essay Example for Free

Showing Respect Essay As teachers, usually we have to deal with a lot of things, such as yelling in the classroom, running in the halls and the lack of respect. Nowadays, disrespect is filling our classrooms and parents do not do anything to put a stop to the situation. As teachers or human beings we do not have to confuse respect with fear, because our work is to give tools and knowledge to our students, not frighten them. Kids are not showing any type of respect to teachers. Being in front of the class to communicate with your students might be a really strong task, especially if your students do not pay any attention to you. But, what should we do? Should we yell at them? Would that change something? Respect is not about being afraid of the teacher. Bueno (2009) once wrote â€Å"A child may obey you simply because he is afraid of you. However, when a child understands that your rules and disciplinary actions are ultimately for his own good, he will obey you because he respects you. † It is really important for our students to understand why they should or should not do something. If the learn how to respect to others, they would be able to communicate with others throughout their lifetime. When I was in front of the classroom, I try as hard as I could to be supportive to my students, but sometimes they think you only want to dig on their lives. Usually when kids show strange behaviours they are looking for some attention or they have trouble at their home. If the kid do not show any respect, neither would do the teacher, or at least it would be more difficult to keep calm and maintain a good environment in the classroom. Kids would make everything to make me feel powerless, defeated and everything will make me lose my mind. So I start wondering what is going on or how they behave in their houses. The problem might be there. Schutte (2008) explained â€Å"Parents have to pick their battles. If your child wants to wear a shirt/skirt combo that makes her look like she dressed herself in a dark closet, you may ask yourself if its worth fighting her to get her to change her duds. On the other hand, if she wants to spend time with a boy in a dark closet, you might want to make a big deal out of that. The battles that you choose to fight will directly affect your childs level of isbehaviour. † You may ask why you want to do this, but clothes are not as important as dating a boy. So, either option is just to gain attention. If we find the root of the behaviour of the students is a family problem, we, as people, have two choices, work for them or keep against them. Either kids want attention or they are having problems in their house. We, as teachers, only have one option. Help them. Every time I see a troublesome kid I get instantly attached to him or her. I try to get close to them; to their friends and find out what can I do for them. Rich (1998) wrote† In this complex world, it takes more than a good school to educate children. And it takes more than a good home. It takes these two major educational institutions working together. † Without the parents’ support, you will be stuck in that spot. So we have to get the family involved in the learning process to reach out the success the children may achieve. I always work for the children’s success through the respect and I really expect he same from them. Our job as teachers is more than just give away contents. It is about giving lessons of life and spreading some values that might be helpful for them in their lifetime. That is our goal; show them they could be better. Explain them how great can they be, or how far they might go with just a little bit of work, not only with themselves, but also with their families. We just might be proud of them when we could see what they have accomplished and think that we were involved in their success.

The causes and effects of mergers and acquisitions

The causes and effects of mergers and acquisitions It is still the start of the 21st century and as per the predictions, the world is moving at a brisk speed. The people who catches up with the world right now will be able to survive others will not be able to follow them. Same is the case with the companies of the 21st century. Companies today need to be fast growing, efficient, profitable, flexible, adaptable, and future-ready and have a dominant market position. Without these qualities, firms believe that it is virtually impossible to be competitive in todays global economy. Academics and other observers advance value-maximization,[6] managerial ego, mimicry, the need to reduce uncertainty and defensive considerations (acquire to avoid being acquired; ensure that growth keeps up with that of competitors, etc.) and high levels of corporate reserves and share valuations among the motives behind consolidation in financial services. Supporters of MAs allege that they facilitate synergies between merged organizations, generate efficiency improvements and increase competitiveness. Indeed, they hold that mergers, by increasing economies of scale and spreading costs over a larger customer base, enable financial operators to provide services at lower prices. Demonstrating that MAs improve efficiency is thus central to making the case for the consumer benefits of mergers and in assessing their potential impact on consumers.[7] If mergers improve efficiency, then larger, combined firms may be expected to pass some savings on to consumers through lower prices or improved service. In some industries such as insurance or banking, firms may move into new markets. In others such as pharmaceuticals or software technology, firms may work with smaller firms that have developed or are developing new products that they can manufacture and/or distribute more efficiently, while other firms focus on their own internal growth, leadership and development. Regardless of industry, however, it appears that it has become all but impossible in our global environment for firms to compete with others without growing and expanding through deals that result in mergers or acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions are increasingly being used by firms to strengthen and maintain their position in the market place. They are seen by many as a relatively fast and efficient way to expand into new markets and incorporate new technologies. Yet their success is by no means assured. To the contrary, a majority fall short of their stated goals and objectives. Mergers Acquisitions an opportunity to improve employee relations or pull off some krafty moves? Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) have been a current topic within HR and Employment Law for a long time now but the last ten years has seen far greater opportunities opening up for companies (including private equity funds etc) to make that transforming acquisition or merger with a rival which will deliver major financial benefits and enhance shareholder value. Of course it is a well known fact that more than 60% of mergers/acquisitions fail to achieve their planned objectives. One major contributory factor in this has been the failure to pay sufficient attention to the people aspect of this type of change. Emotions can and do run high during protracted MA battles. Obviously the financial, legal and commercial issues will take precedence over the people issues. However compelling the financial or commercial case, a takeover will not succeed if key individuals are not motivated to make the new arrangements work. Those key individuals can be at any level in the business and it is not always the case that there are many other qualified and more motivated people just waiting to take their places. Rectifying these problems, although possible, can be costly. Kraft may rue the day when they failed to deliver on their commitment and dismissed many knowledgeable and experienced staff at Cadburys near Keynsham.   Neglecting the human factor is a frequent cause of failure Cultural and symbolic elements in MAs are typically framed in terms of the distinction between the merging firms, thus leading to an us versus them dualism. The creation of formal, internal communications mechanisms as early as possible in the process is necessary to limit the anxiety that will otherwise be fuelled by rumour, the grapevine, or even outside news reports. Employees complain that their first knowledge that their employer is involved in a merger or acquisition is often from the morning news before setting off for work. According to a Hewitt Associates executive, the fact that the human factor is taken into account in only 5 per cent of MAs explains why more than half of them in all sectors fail. Teams are usually put together to oversee merger and acquisition operations. These teams almost always comprise specialists in legal and financial issues as well as experts in strategy but rarely do they include human resource directors. One possible explanation is the fact that speed is generally considered of capital importance for success. While the integration phase of merging enterprises may cover between three to five years, the first 100 days after the announcement of the transaction are the most crucial for success or failure. It has become common practice to prepare and communicate to staff and shareholders a programme of integration activities to cover this period, when the feelings of fear, apathy, demotivation and the classical victor and vanquished syndromes are at their highest. Since a majori ty of mergers end up with the elimination of overlapping functions and positions, the first 100 days are likely to be those when staff are most uncertain about jobs, career prospects and the disappearance of their own corporate culture. To reduce the possibilities of failure in MAs, some management experts have recommended that human capital be placed at the centre of the process, or at least be given equal attention to that assigned to economic and financial considerations. According to this school of thought, such a redirection would enable acquirers to select the most compatible acquisition targets from a human resource perspective and make integration that much easier. Frank communication on a daily basis between management and staff helps to dispel some of the uncertainties of MAs and avoid organizational drift. Employees should be informed in good time about the manner in which redundancies, if there are to be any, will be decided and about the role of their trade unions or representatives in the process. It is also important for staff from the acquired organization to be assured that the rights and entitlements they had with their previous employer are to be respected; otherwise there is a high probability of conflict. Merger uncertainties are also frequently blamed for the loss of talent from target companies, which can destroy the very basis for the merger. The failed merger plans between the Deutsche Bank and Dresdner Bank in April 2000 demonstrate how staff resistance can undermine corporate strategies and management wishes. Integration of teams from the respective investment banks of the two parent banks posed a risk to the balance already achieved between staff in Deutsche Morgan Grenfell and the previously acquired Bankers Trust. MAs imply immediate and direct job losses A study on the efficiency effects of bank mergers in the United States,[49] which summarizes nine case studies, reports that all nine mergers resulted in significant cost cutting in line with pre-merger projections, although only four of the mergers were clearly successful in improving cost efficiency. As for employment, the largest volume of cost reductions was generally associated with staff reductions and data processing systems and operations. Payroll reductions often accounted for over 50  per cent of the total cost reduction and in at least one case the reduction in staff costs accounted for nearly two-thirds of the total. In all cases, the savings achieved were of the order of 30 to 40 per cent of the non-interest expenses of the target. All of the merged firms indicated that the actual savings either met or exceeded expectations. Most of the firms projected that the cost savings would be fully achieved within three years after the merger, with the majority of the savings be ing achieved after two years. Managing downsizing related   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to MA restructuring While MAs are driven largely by financial considerations, their success vitally depends on the motivation of retained workers to contribute to the achievement of merger objectives. The high proportion of failed MAs may not be unrelated to the manner in which staff are often relegated to cost variables rather than being made active partners in the change process. Social plans, guarantees against forced departures and the involvement of staff in MA-related decision-making are critical motivating factors. The study referred to in Chapter 1[69] concluded that the failure of the overwhelming majority of MAs resulted from concentration on hard legal and finance issues to the detriment of the soft people issues in merger planning and implementation. Poor communications with employees appeared to pose a greater risk than that with shareholders, suppliers or customers. The study found that success was linked to a holistic approach when the soft people and cultural issues were an integral part of the focus on financial performance. Of the companies involved in the survey, just nine (less than 10 per cent of respondents) addressed all the soft keys, and each was successful. The study stresses the fact that once value was lost, it was seldom recovered. Even though possibly the most difficult to implement effectively, headcount reduction was the area in which most companies reported achieving their targets. Loss of staff an inevitable result of MAs often included the very individuals the acquirer needed and intended to keep to succeed. MA value extraction was impossible without the enthusiastic cooperation of employees. MAs, remuneration and other compensation issues Two conflicting aims appear to characterize current practices in financial sector remuneration: the need to reduce labour costs within a context of increasing competition and decreasing profitability and the necessity to compensate and adequately reward employee performance and commitment within an environment of continuous and challenging change.[75] Recent trends in compensation policies are moving towards more contingent, individualized and explicitly performance-based systems, while seeking to retain workers loyalty and commitment to organizational goals. This might explain why changes in compensation have tended to be less dramatic than expected compared with both current rhetoric and experience in other industries. The main exception to the industry trend is the United States, where in the absence of a collective wage agreement or any kind of coordination between banks in wage setting, wide differences in compensation levels both between and within financial institutions have a lways been the rule. Sales-based bonuses, either individual-based (as for lenders in wholesale operations) or distributed via managers to branch offices, are the most widespread example of incentives, while commissions have become common for crucial jobs, such as investment advisors.[76 MAs and working time The link between financial sector concentration and patterns in regular working time is difficult to identify because working-time agreements depend upon the national context and are not limited to the sector under consideration. Banks adoption of the retailing model is encouraging them to adjust their hours to customer requirements, extending opening hours on at least one day a week and even opening some branches on traditionally closed days such as Saturdays a trend which has aroused strong trade union reactions in a number of countries. It goes without saying that MAs can provide an opportunity for management to opt for more customer-friendly working hours. However, the rapid development of Internet-based direct banking and ATMs often accelerating and accelerated by MAs has the opposite effect of reducing the need for longer opening hours. Given that successful management of the restructuring process is vital for achieving organizational objectives, managers need to be aware that downsizing is more than a reduction in head count and work reorganization. Terminations destroy the firms social fabric as structures are altered, relationships disrupted and work patterns and communication flows modified, making it more difficult for retained staff to do their work. These structural problems may inhibit performance so that staff need help to cultivate new ties, although insufficient attention is usually given to the intricate relationship between the organizations formal and informal structures. In addition, survivors who are already subject to survivors syndrome find they have to work harder to cover staffing shortfalls, with the consequence that increased workloads feed the stress related to job insecurity, undermining the very efficiency goals that motivated the merger or acquisition. Job insecurity may make employees feel pressured into agreeing to put extra effort into their jobs to demonstrate organizational loyalty; but such working conditions are neither sustainable nor conducive to the achievement of corporate objectives. Financial sector restructuring around the world has led to a high rate of call centre growth. Research by Deloitte Touche has found, for instance, that Australia has 1,400 call centres and help-desks employing 50,000 people and annual sales of $2 billion. Staff turnover averages 18 per cent a year mainly due to stress, as confirmed by the fact that 80 per cent of workers are requesting stress management training assistance. The annual cost to the industry from the high turnover has been estimated at around $100 million. MAs generate high levels of staff anxiety and stress as their working world is turned upside down, their jobs come under threat and their career prospects and professional competence are called into question. Collective defensive mechanisms, especially in hostile takeovers involving previously keen competitors, may lead to a victor-vanquished syndrome inducing behaviour inimical to the smooth implementation of changes for successful integration. Employees from each company are aware that there are many duplicated positions to be eliminated and the struggle to survive will be fierce. Trade unions may themselves be at loggerheads as the merger may involve companies recognizing different negotiating partners. Not surprisingly, it is much easier for managers to convince shareholders about the merits of proposed mergers than it is to persuade their own staff.